فاکتور ایران در روابط آمریکا و چین: تعامل آمرانه و موازنه نرم
دکتر فواد ایزدی و اسفندیار خدایی؛
China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies :مجله
تابستان 1396
Foad Izadi, Faculty of World
Studies, University of Tehran
Esfandiar Khodaee, PhD candidate
in American Studies at the University of Tehran
Abstract: Before the nuclear agreement with
Iran, the Obama administration actively engaged with world powers and trade
partners of Iran to strengthen the effectiveness of economic sanctions against
Tehran. The role of China as the largest trade partner of Iran and as a veto
power in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) was controversial in this
regard. Washington persuaded most of Iran’s trade partners to join in the
sanctions and reduce trade with Tehran. But during the same period, China
continued and even expanded economic relations with Iran. Reviewing the events
through a process-tracing method, this study reveals that the Obama
administration implemented a “guarded engagement” strategy to persuade China to
join in the sanctions and reduce trade with Tehran. On one hand, the United
States accommodated China’s interests and concerns, and engaged and bargained
with China; on the other hand, Washington pressured Beijing through different
channels such as security threats and economic sanctions. In response, through
a soft-balancing strategy, China did not directly oppose the United States, in
order to safeguard relations with Washington; and it eventually voted in favor
of the UN resolutions after negotiating over the texts. In the meantime,
Beijing refrained from voluntary cooperation with Western sanctions and even
increased trade with Iran and filled the void to make sanctions abortive and
costly, and to prevent U.S. domination over the Middle East. This study
concludes that China’s current standing is such that U.S. diplomatic levers,
such as bargaining, threats, sanctions, and pressures, are too costly and
barely productive in getting Beijing to follow American policies.
Keywords: U.S.-China relations; Iran sanctions; soft balancing;
guarded engagement
Source منبع
خورشید نجفی جویباری،