مجله تخصصی مطالعات آمریکا

دکتر عباس مصلی نژاد، دانشگاه تهران

The group calling itself the Islamic State poses a grave threat, not just to Iraq and Syria but to the region more broadly and to the United States, as well as its global coalition partners. A deadly and adaptive foe, the Islamic State seemed to come out of nowhere in June 2014, when it conquered Mosul, Iraq’s second largest city. However, the Islamic State of today is the direct descendant of a group that Iraq, the United States, and their partners once fought as al-Qaida in Iraq and then as the Islamic State of Iraq. Analysts and specialists had already spent years studying the group and actually knew quite a bit about it: how it financed and organized itself, how it established control, how it responded to airpower, and what its ultimate goals were. The Republican meme is that every problem, including in the Middle East, is Barack Obama’s fault. Although emphasizing independence and self-reliance for America, they deny responsibility and accountability for their party. There are 2 approaches about the rise and function of ISIS. Conservative groups argue that US attack against Iraq’s Saddam Hussein on 2003 was “brilliant, heroic, and costly” success. The competitive approaches emphasis on “why was the success of the surge followed by a withdrawal from Iraq, leaving not even the residual force that commanders and the joint chiefs knew was necessary? The fact shows that US elites have the creation of ISIS. If US had kept the 10,000 troop commitment that was there for the President to negotiate and to agree with, we probably wouldn’t have ISIS right now”. The content and orientation of this article is based on Competitive approaches about rise and security function of ISIS. The basic question is “Why ISIS group rise and strength in Iraq and Syria?” The hypothesis of this article related “balancing of power and threats competitive regional and structural countries”. The result of article explained that Regional security in Middle East and Persian Gulf is based on proxy war, which conducted by Saudi Arabia and enforced by violence and chaos extremist groups as well as ISIS. Full Text of the Article